Botanical name:

Elderberry has been with man for a long time.  It has existed for centuries, and has earned quite a reputation.  From esteemed, to feared, and respected, even evil reputations, depending on the century or country in question.  It is a member of the honeysuckle family.  The word “Elder” is believed to come from the Anglo-Saxon word aeld, which means fire. 

However, some suggest its generic name sambucus come from a Greek musical instrument, sambuke, supposedly made from Elderberry wood.  As a musical instrument it was used to make music to heal the spirit, they say.  Elderberry has always had some therapeutic connotations attached to it; the cross of Christ was made from the Elderberry tree.  Thank God for Elderberry!

Ripe Elderberries

For centuries the plant has had contrasting and conflicting reputations: carpenters feared a cradle made from its wood would bring harm to babies; when gathered on the last day of April, it was believed to keep witches at bay hung on windows and doors; and at the same time it attracted witches after dark.  It was known to indicate imminent illness if seen in a dream.  Superstition or not, it has to do with sickness and health!

Elderberry has also been revered for its great therapeutic powers.  In fact, seventeenth-century herbalist, John Evelyn called it a remedy “against all infirmities whatsoever” because it was such a healthful plant.  Another physician is said to tip his hat in respect every time he passed the plant.

One amusing historical fact about Elderberry comes from the late 20th century when dishonored wine traders added Elderberry juice to cheap port to make it look and taste expensive.  They were outlawed and Elderberry was banned until a sailor’s claim gave them partial vindication.  He told his doctor a drunken binge on such “fine port” was a great remedy for rheumatism.  Doctors investigated the claim; found it to be true; and started prescribing Elderberry juice in port.

Elderberry juice is known to trigger the body’s resistance to infections and diseases as well as aiding cellular restoration.  Fresh juice of the berries is high in potassium and mildly laxative and promotes perspiration.  It helps expel bronchial mucus to relieve asthma; it relieves colds, cholera and sore throat.  In Europe, the berries have been used for all kinds of nervous complaints, including sciatica, lumbago and general inflammation.

For over two thousand years it has been used to treat coughs, colds, headache, gout, epilepsy, jaundice, palsy, scrofula, skin eruptions, and of course rheumatism.  Folk medicine practitioners valued it as some kind of wild pharmacy, using it as a diaphoretic, diuretic, hydragogue, laxative, and gargle.  It is one of a few herbs in the herb kingdom having parts with varying uses.  The flower, fruit, bark, leaves, stems and roots all possess differing medicinal properties.

In England, people often took a teaspoon of Elderberry syrup to protect them from winter illness, including sore throat, as it helped expel bronchial mucus and relieves respiratory inflammation.  It comes highly recommended by herbalist, ancient and modern, as a gentle decongestant and expectorant for colds and respiratory congestions.

Therein lay Elderberry’s claim to fame: cold medicine.  However, its flower is considered one of the greatest and most versatile herbs in the treatment of disease.  This is due to its ability to detoxify the body of toxic waste, especially at the cell level.  It increases blood circulation and promotes sweating: very useful for bringing down fevers, and in treating bronchitis.

Recent European researches demonstrated that Elderberries have antiviral activity, which helps buttress their historical use for treating colds, coughs, and flu.  The plant contains essential oils (terpenes), bioflavonoids (rutin, quercetin), mucilage and tannins, which earns it a dynamic reputation in natural healing. 

Elderberry powder

Two of its active components derived from its proteins have been demonstrated to obliterate eight strains of the influenza virus.  Several studies were performed in the 1980s to dispute this claim.  In one of such studies, 90% of the patients who received Elderberry syrup showed an increase in immune function, and were completely cured of various strains of influenza in seventy-two hours, while the placebo group only showed significant improvement after six days.

This suggests Elderberry may be a viable alternative to the influenza vaccine, which is not only effective against two or three strains, but is also known to cause side effects in a significant percentage of those who are vaccinated.

Other constituents of the herb display sedative and analgesic properties, making it useful for people of all ages.  Elderberry is also a natural diuretic that reduces swelling, especially the kind common in respiratory infections.  As it stimulates toxic elimination from various elimination channels through perspiration, expectoration, diuretic and laxative actions, the body heals rapidly.

Elderberry is high in vitamins A (beta carotene) and C, both known to strengthen immunity.  It is also high in potassium; a good source of iron (essential for the production of bacteria-destroying enzymes and oxidants), and bioflavonoids. 

Elderberry blends well with other herbs.  Its flowers make an excellent remedy for colds, flu, fever and stomachaches when extracted in water and glycerin along with fresh mint and Yarrow.  The leaves are useful topically for wounds, ulcerations, bruises, sprains and other skin afflictions.  The inner bark is a bitter herb, and therefore possesses potent laxative effects.  When dried and aged, its laxative effect is lessened, just like Cascara sagrada.

It is excellent for infections, especially when combined with Golden Seal and Yarrow; best combined with Mullein for lung congestions and asthma, and blends (flower) with Eyebright and Golden Seal to make good eyewash.

Elder flower

Other uses of the herb include to dye hair, to fade freckles, soothe sunburn, lighten blond hair (flower hair wash), insect repellant (fresh leaves and blossoms), to make wine, to make comb and mathematical instruments, and to soften skin. 

American Indians pushed out the pith from its stem and to make flutes.  They called Elderberry “the tree of music.” My personal favorite use of the herb is to make breakfast syrup.  Hmm, hmm hmm!  A pancake or waffle breakfast has never been so good!

There are no known side effects to using Elderberry; however, caution is needed when using the herb.  The bark for example, may be too strong a laxative unless dried and aged.  Generally, it is considered a very safe herb.

Mullein is one of a few herbs with versatile applications.  As such, it is unclear where it gets its name from.  However, Mullein has been known as a medicinal plant from antiquity.  One look at Mullein will suggest therapeutic potentials.  It has been around a good while, and cuts across every race, hence its numerous aliases. 

Dioscorides trusted Mullein in the treatment of tonsillitis, coughs, eye problems, toothaches, and stings.  Early European settlers kept it handy as they sailed “The New World”.  They introduced the herb to Native Americans who smoked it to treat asthma and other lung problems.  During the American Civil War, Confederates depended on cough syrups made with Mullein to treat respiratory ailments when their medical supplies ran out.

Modern research has affirmed Mullein’s expectorant action, attributing it to the presence of triterpenoid saponins in the plant.  It has been a popular natural remedy for asthma, colds, coughs, croup, emphysema, hoarseness, laryngitis, sinus congestion, tonsillitis, whopping cough, bronchitis, tracheaitis, and other respiratory ailments.  It is highly recommended to provide soothing relief to the lungs and throat.

I know of no other herb so designed to heal in all of its qualities.  Everything about Mullein is beneficial to the respiratory system and other ailments of the body.  Mullein contains tannins which help shrink inflamed and swollen respiratory passages, thus allowing for easier breathing.  Volatile oils and flavonoids are also active constituents in Mullein.

Mullein is also rich in mucilaginous substances, called polysaccharides, which protect mucous membranes and prevent them from absorbing toxins.  This makes it very effective in providing soothing relief to the lungs and throat.  The cooling, soothing properties of the mucilage lubricate tissues, reduce inflammation, and enhance healing. 

As an antispasmodic, Mullein relaxes muscle spasms which help relieve chronic coughing and abdominal cramping.  It also provides diuretic, analgesic (pain relieving), antiseptic, and antibacterial benefits.  Such properties support Mullein’s use for treating allergies and hayfever, glandular swelling, hemorrhoids, inflammatory skin conditions, influenza, nephritis, ulcers, urinary tract infections, and even nervous tension and insomnia.

Mulleins in bloom

One popular property of Mullein is its narcotic property.  It is termed a “natural wonder herb” because of this.  What makes it wonderful as a narcotic is that it is not poisonous, habit forming and does not induce euphoria.  However, it is its affinity and benefits to the respiratory organs that earned Mullein a permanent place in Herbology.

It has a calming effect on the nerves, making it effective in treating inflammatory conditions of the nervous and respiratory systems.  That is why Mullein is so efficient in relieving coughs, cramps, spasms, and inducing sleep.  It strengthens sinuses and allows for free breathing; it enables expectoration of excess mucus, and nourishes and strengthens the lungs.

Modern research concurs ancient historical uses of the herb to treat lymphatic congestion, and inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis-causing bacteria).  It is also indicated as a sleep aid, a laxative, and to get rid of warts. 

Mullein owes its medicinal power to the synergy of its saponins, mucilage, and tannins.  For example, in improving respiratory health, its mucilage provides mucilaginous protection to mucous surfaces, the tannins inhibit absorption of allergens through mucous membranes; and saponins are responsible for expelling excess mucus produced to free up airways and enhance breathing.

Dried Mullein leaves

Other uses of Mullein include external application to heal boils, burns, scalds, sores, wounds, itching, and rheumatic pains.  In Germany, Mullein leaves and flowers are steeped in olive oil, and used for ear infections, earaches and to soothe hemorrhoids.  Its fresh flowers are crushed and used to remove warts; tea from its leaves have been used for dropsy, sinusitis, and swollen joints.  Hot Mullein tea is also applied to mumps, tumors, sore throat, and tonsillitis.

Mullein is very rich in iron, and is a good source of Vitamins A, B-complex, C, and D, as well as the minerals calcium, magnesium, potassium, manganese, silicon, and sulphur.

There are no known side effects of Mullein, but it is highly combustible.  Native American tribes used it to make dyes and torches.  I guess they noticed its dry leaves and stems make excellent tinder from smoking it!  Or maybe it was the other way around: it ignited when exposed to the slightest spark, and so they decided it could be smoked for healing purposes!  Whatever the case, the herb with the most aliases is also called “Great”.

Hawthorn is known as heart medicine for its many benefits to cardiovascular health.  Its blood-red berries must have given it away as having an affinity to the circulatory system in antiquity.  The Hawthorn tree has been revered by the Greeks and Romans as a symbol of hope and happiness for the future.  Its bouquets and corsages were used for weddings.

Thorns of the Hawthorn tree

While the Romans believed it kept away evil spirits, branches of Hawthorn tree brought into a home in the Middle Ages meant an omen of death to someone in that house.  However, Christian legend has it that the crown of thorns placed on the head of Christ at His crucifixion was made from Hawthorn.  Till this day a grove of Hawthorn trees can be found standing on the Mount of Olives, outside Jerusalem.

Greeks used Hawthorn berries for heart disease; the Chinese used it for digestion and circulatory problems; Native Americans sought after it for  rheumatism and heart problems, while for many centuries, a poultice of Hawthorn leaves was used to draw out thorns and splinters from the body in England. 

Today, Hawthorn is well known as an important drug source.  Scientists have found that Hawthorn dilates blood vessels allowing free blood flow, lowers blood pressure, and strengthens the heart.  It even helps damaged hearts work more efficiently.

Hawthorn earned its reputation in the medical arena because of its flawless action on one of, if not the most important human organ: the heart.  Its mind-boggling safety even in long-term use earned it world-wide acceptance.  More so, it has a mild sedative effect which contributes to a healthy heart; as stressful conditions such as anxiety and nervousness are often associated with heart conditions.

Hawthorn displays regulatory effects on blood pressure:  it lowers high blood pressure; and raises low blood pressure.  It has been shown to enhance coronary circulation and myocardial metabolism, which enables the heart to function with less oxygen.  It strengthens the heart for better blood output, and at the same time it enlarges peripheral blood vessels for enhanced circulation.

Hawthorn tree

Hawthorn has also been found useful for reducing cholesterol, and when used in conjunction with Ginkgo Biloba, to enhance poor memory by increasing blood flow and oxygen to the brain.  It is also very effective in relieving restlessness and insomnia.

Hawthorn’s most useful part is its fruit: the berries.  Which high in bioflavonoid rutin and quercetin.  These powerful antioxidants help to decrease and prevent oxidative damage, and strengthen blood vessels as well.  Hawthorn owes its action on the circulatory system to the bioflavonoids having dilating effect on blood vessels, causing reduction in blood pressure. 

Hawthorn contains a host of other nutrients that work synergistically to benefit the heart and entire body.  It can feed and strengthen the heart and arteries making it useful for preventing and treating angina, arteriosclerosis, blood clots, rapid heartbeat, feeble heartbeat, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, enlarged heart, hypertension, insufficient peripheral circulation, insomnia, memory problems, and breathing difficulties due to lack of oxygen in the lungs.

Some German medications include Hawthorn extract in them.  Some recommend taking Hawthorn as a preventative since it is safe for long term use.  Chinese researchers suggest pronounced effects in use over an extended period of time.

Hawthorn berries are also a rich in choline, inositol, vitamins A, B-complex, and C with bioflavonoids.  It is a source of

Ripe Hawthorn berries

two other powerful antioxidants: of anthocyanidins and proanthocyanidins, which have been indicated to increase intracellular levels of vitamin C, prevent collagen damage, decrease capillary fragility, and improve overall cardiovascular health.

There are some critics who suggest that Hawthorn appears to be toxic only in large doses, still making it relatively safe.  There are no other known side effects.  More researches on the herb continue to unfold its bounty of therapeutic action.  While some consider it mere berries, others regard it a mild tonic, and German physicians commonly prescribe Hawthorn for minor heart problems.

Milk Thistle is one of the most researched of all herbs.  This is due to its ability to protect the liver against a wide range of chemical and environmental toxins.  Its liver-protecting action has been the source of some 200 clinical studies and researches for over 30 years. 

Milk Thistle has been in the lime light for centuries:  a 1597 herbalist referred to it as the best remedy for liver and biliary diseases.  Greek herbalist, Dioscorides used it to treat snake venoms; Roman writer, Pliny proposed mixing it with honey to eliminate toxins in the gallbladder.  The Chinese employed it for eliminating obstructions in the liver and spleen.

Today, Milk Thistle is one of the most commonly prescribed medicinal herbs.  Clinical researches have proved it to be medicinal time after time.  The name, Milk Thistle refers to breast milk.  Its white veins have been associated to the breast milk of a virgin mother.

This was probably an indication that it would help nursing mothers.  Historical use supports its use to enrich and increase breast milk production in nursing mothers.  Another species, Blessed Thistle (Cnicus benedictus) also shares this benefit.  Combining either thistle with Marshmallow or Red Raspberry yields huge results for nursing mothers.

Perhaps the use of Milk Thistle that earned it a permanent place in medicine is the fact that it is the only known cure for the deadly Amanita mushroom poisoning and carbon tetrachloride poisoning (common dry-cleaning fluid).  It reduces the effect of toxins on the liver, even obstinate toxins such as cadmium bow down to Milk Thistle. 

Research suggests such therapeutic powers lie in its complex group of flavonoids called Silymarin.  Silymarin has been proven to increase protein synthesis in liver cells.  It inhibits absorption of toxins, and at the same time stimulates production of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), a potent free radical scavenger in the liver.  Silymarin absorption is enhanced by Lecithin, so taking Lecithin along with Milk Thistle is highly recommended, especially if it is a timed-release kind.

Milk thistle is both protecting and rejuvenating to the liver.  It has been shown to protect the brain, kidneys, gallbladder, the blood and vascular system, as well as other tissues from chemical toxins.  It is particularly helpful in overcoming alcohol toxicity, hardening of the liver and also liver damage.
 
The most common cause of liver damage is fat accumulation, which may progress to liver inflammation, fibrosis, hepatitis and cirrhosis.  The American Liver Foundation estimates that 50% of adults over 50years of age have a “fatty liver”.  Milk Thistle has been in the forefront of the war against fatty liver.

Milk Thistle is a bitter herb, hence it stimulates bile flow from the gallbladder helping to decongest blood flow to the liver; helps remedy cholangitis (suppression of bile flow).  It therefore settles an acid stomach, stimulates weak digestion, ease gas, diarrhea, and helps relieve coughs, bronchitis, and skin disorders such as eczema, psoriasis, and varicose veins.

Milk Thistle works well with other herbs, especially blood purifying herbs like Red Clover, Yellow Dock and Burdock.  Milk Thistle in combination with Burdock makes the best remedy for treating people who have been exposed to heavy metals, pesticides, radiation, drugs (prescription and street); as well as for hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver.

It has been shown to facilitate hydrochloric acid production, pancreatic enzymes and bile; improve the flow of bile through the biliary tract; stimulate peristalsis; and improve immune function.  Furthermore, recent animal research on Milk Thistle has identified anti-inflammatory, anti carcinogenic and cholesterol-lowering effects.

Milk Thistle is determined safe, even during pregnancy and lactation.  In fact, research suggests that it may prevent and correct liver damage during pregnancy.  However, mild laxative effects may occur in high doses due to its ability to increase bile secretion and flow.  It is also known to protect from medication-induced liver damage.  In a study, Milk Thistle was shown to provide significant liver protection in psychiatric patients.  It did not interfere with the efficacy of antidepressants.  Another study suggests that Milk Thistle reduces the side effects and gastrointestinal disorders experienced by Alzheimer’s patients during long-term drug therapy.

A common herb among bakers.  It is mainly a catalyst herb, enhancing other herb flavors and treats.  However, drinking Allspice tea is known to eliminate indigestion, gas, and griping.  It is helpful as a fever-breaker in colds also.  It is a versatile herb that can be added to sauces, puddings, pies, cakes, cookies, raisins, pumpkin, most beverages and fruit salads, shakes, or smoothies.

Anise

Star Anise, the bakers’ companion!  A fun herb hailing from Egypt is safe for babies.  The seeds are good in marinades, sauces and on fish.  Its medicinal properties include relief for gas, upset stomach, and nausea. 

Anise is a favorite in baking

Drink a tea of Anise or chew on the seeds for relief.  Great with honey for coughs.  It promotes digestion and prevents griping.  Its fresh stalk can be given to teething children to chew on.  It has a sweet, spicy flavor that some children love, and it has a slightly numbing effect that soothes the gums of teething babies.   Also used to relief colic in infants.

Basil

From the mint family, this herb is the meat lovers’ favorite.  Great on barbecue beef, sauces, vegetables, egg and cheese dishes.  One of a few herbs that is even better fresh.  Medicinal properties are easy to extract from leaves: a tea of the leaves will relieve stomach cramps, flatulence, and diarrhea.  May cause vomiting in large doses.  Its leaves can be crushed and applied to bee stings for relief.  A versatile herb with such a sweet flavor.  Try it sprinkled on a salad of fresh tomatoes + mixed greens + cucumber + feta cheese + fruit.

Bay Laurel

Like Basil, Bay Laurel is soothing to the stomach; and relieves flatulence.  A poultice of its leaves will remedy chest colds and sore muscles.  Bay oil has been indicated to relieve weather-related muscle and joint aches, sprains, bruises, and skin rashes.  Its pungent and spicy flavor earns it bragging rights in tossed green and vegetable salads, potatoes, carrots, French dressing and soups.

Caraway

Medicinal properties of Caraway are inherent in the seeds.  The seeds can be chewed to relieve gas; when used to make tea, seeds can remedy nausea, and colic in children.  As a poultice, it’s great on bruises.  It is also used for hair and

Cardamom

vision problems.  Oil of Caraway is known to calm toothaches and earaches.  Use to add flavor to breads, potato, cucumber, coleslaw, salads, cheese and crackers, and other cheese dishes.

Cardamom

Hailing from the East Indies, Cardamom has an affinity for the digestive system, therefore used for digestive health.  Its seeds can be chewed on to arrest indigestion, and as a breath freshner.  A tablespoon of its seeds or leaves in a tub of hot water makes an invigorating bath.  A few Cardamom leaves in blanket chests and drawers add a lovely spicy scent to woolens.  Great on cakes, bread, cookies, pies, whipped cream, puddings, and teas.

Capsicum

Commonly known as red pepper or cayenne pepper, Capsicum is about the most versatile and safest herb in the herb kingdom.  It is stimulating to every secreting organ in the body, improving organ efficiency.  A catalyst in herbal formulas because it increases the body’s ability to produce HCL, digesting almost anything in the stomach.  It increases thermogenesis for weight loss, and improves HDL/LDL cholesterol ratios.  When sprinkled into socks, it produces heat for cold feet. 

Capsicum has strong effects on blood circulation

It heals stomach ulcers, stops bleeding, prevent strokes and heart attacks.  Suitable for long term use, it enhances flavors of vegetables, broths, soups, salads, meat and fish.  Useful in liniments and gargles.  It comes in capsules, powder, liquid extract, and in combinations.

Celery

A member of the Parsley family, Celery is chock-full of therapeutic compounds in its seeds, leaves and stems.  It has been indicated to help eliminate skin problems when eaten fresh or used as tea.  Perfect for stomach problems; useful for minor burns and poison oak, rejuvenates exhausted body, lowers high blood pressure, promotes sleep (tea), lowers risk of cancer, and protects against hangovers.  Now we know why celery sticks are inserted into Bloody Marys!  One tablespoon of seeds contains 17% daily value of iron.  Use fresh stalks or dried seeds in butter, cheese dishes, dips, soups, sauces, salads, salad dressings, and vegetables.

Chervil

A member of the carrot family, Chervil stimulates digestion.  It can be used as a poultice for bruises.  Fresh leaves help in spleen and liver ailments.  Drinking an infusion of its leaves and flowers has been indicated as a cure for high blood pressure, gout, kidney stones, pleurisy, dropsy, and menstrual problems.  It brings out other flavors, and so can be a salt substitute in cooking.  However, it has a subtle flavor that adds zest to sauces, soups, salads, egg dishes, and fish.

Cinnamon

A famous culinary herb, calms nausea, indigestion, and gas.  An aphrodisiac and appetite enhancer with Southern Asian origins, it has been used to treat fever, diarrhea, and menstrual symptoms since 2000 BC.  Cinnamon has antibacterial and antifungal properties, making it a common addition to toothpastes to combat decay-causing bacteria.  Adding ½ teaspoon daily to a beverage at breakfast has been shown to reduce high blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels up to 43%.  Extended use of three to six months is needed to achieve this result.  Makes a warming, calming, and flavorful addition to fruit drinks, hot beverages, eggnogs, milk shakes and almost all desserts.

Clove

A pungent and spicy flavored herb with disinfecting properties.  Cultivated in the warm climates of Tanzania, Sumatra, and South America, it is the most powerful germicide in the herbal kingdom.  Its oil relieves toothache when dropped into cavity, and also curbs numbness in teething babies.  Its tea will relieve nausea, and a few drops of Clove oil in water will stop vomiting.  It increases blood circulation and promotes digestion.  Great with fruits, in cakes and cookies, egg dishes, sauces, sweet potato, and vegetables.

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Nutmeg, better used grated.

An herb with a strong aroma, strong enough to soothe a headache.  It stimulates digestion; relieves gas and nausea.  One-half Nutmeg crushed and steeped in one cup of hot water, sweetened with honey, alleviates insomnia.  Nutmeg makes great addition to baked foods, enhances the flavor of dairy foods and fruit.  Try it grated over applesauce for a dessert treat, and over compotes and minced meats.

Oregano

Believe it or not, this is the best known culinary herb.  I voted for Garlic myself!  It is considered Marjoram’s rugged twin!  Oregano aids digestion and is soothing to the stomach.  It is good for nervousness, coughs, headaches, and to promote menstruation.  As a tonic, and stimulant, a tea will promote perspiration.  A historical toothache remedy (oil in cotton on tooth), its poultice also soothes painful swellings, and flower infusion calms seasickness.  A constant in tomato sauces, pizza, soups, and poultry.  It enhances cheese and egg combinations, as well as marinated vegetables and roasted bell pepper.

Parsley

Known as “the vitamin and mineral store”, Parsley boasts more vitamin C per volume than an orange.  It helps

Fresh or dried, Parsley is tasty.

prevent illness; is a good diuretic; tea of the leaves or seeds is excellent for kidneys, gallstones, diabetes, jaundice, difficult urination, and painful menstruation.  Has tendency to inflame kidneys, though.  It is good to dry up breast milk.  No Italian food for you pregnant folks!  Fresh Parsley helps eliminate food odors.  It is helpful for circulatory problems in combination with Capsicum and Garlic.  It is excellent salads, salad dressings, sauces, cheese, dips, stuffing, spreads, fish and meat.  Try Parsley capsules here.

Rosemary

Rosemary tea makes good dandruff rinse.

Rosemary is a gentle, but strong stimulant that is good for colds, colic, and high blood pressure.  It is very effective to soothe nerves; in the treatment of depression, headaches, muscle spasms, and to promote menstruation.  Small wonder why women are named after this herb!  It is a strong stimulant on the circulatory system and the pelvic regions.  It is revered by the Greeks as a brain stimulant and memory booster.  Hence, its alias “Old Man”.  Great for hair and skin, sores, eczema, bruises, insomnia, stings, dandruff, and baldness.   The woman who uses Rosemary oil for her hair is not only smart, but has beautiful parasite free hair!  Great gargle for sore throat; tea makes a nice hair rinse.  A pleasing addition to rice and soups.

Sage

A mirror image to Rosemary, I consider it a male version of Rosemary!  It is considered a memory strengthener and promoter of wisdom, thus indicated for longevity and restoring failing memories of the elderly.  Thus, the saying “As wise as Sage”.  Sage has the ability to inhibit body fluid secretions such as perspiration (tea, effective two hours after consumption), diarrhea, night sweats, menopausal hot flashes, bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and breast milk (one cup before meals).  Also used to quiet nerves, relieve spasms, and expel worms from children and adults.  A tea or infusion makes excellent dandruff rinse, and to restore hair color.  Graying men, take note!  Tea makes an excellent sore throat gargle.  Great in small doses over an extended period.  Which is where supplementation comes in.  Use sparingly with potatoes, beans, or poultry.

Where "savory meals" begin.

Savory

 A strong aromatic of the mint family, Savory tea can be used for occasional diarrhea, mild sore throats, and stomach disorders.  It is used by diabetics to slake excessive thirst.  Two to four tablespoons of the dried herb steeped in one cup of water makes a medicinal infusion.  It is great with beans and other legumes, salads, potatoes, and sauces.  It gives cuisines such a pleasant taste and smell that the phrase “a savory meal” came from this herb.

Tarragon

Tarragon, herb of mystic

 A mysterious herb with similar characteristics to Anise.  Often associated with fish and vinegar, it helps indigestion, catarrh, and insomnia.  Chew a leaf of Tarragon and it may numb your tongue.  An indication of its anesthetic property that makes it useful for toothaches.  It possesses some antifungal properties, suiting for eczema and scurvy, and is used to stimulate appetite, relieve, flatulence, and colic, and also to treat rheumatism.  It is used in condiments, liqueurs, perfumes, soaps, and cosmetics.  A total hit with fish, beef, pork, poultry, and vegetables.  Its flavor is enhanced when frozen fresh or stored in vinegar.

Thyme has a subtle, yet distinctive flavor.

Thyme

A very powerful herb for the respiratory system.  Its oil (thymol) controls fungal infections in the likes of athlete’s foot as well as skin parasites such as scabies, lice, crabs, warts, and boils.  Tea makes a good gargle for sore throats; the Greeks used it for nervous conditions because of its antispasmodic properties.  It is good for asthma, whooping cough, hysteria, flatulence, colic, headache, bronchitis, and promotes menstruation.  These benefits can be obtained from herbal combinations with Thyme in capsule form also.   A cocktail of beer and thyme was considered an antidote for shyness.  So much for medicating social anxiety disorders! A tasty addition to butters, sandwiches, salads, and soups.

…Back to 30 Medicinal Culinary Herbs.

Coriander leaves are commonly known as Cilantro, a favorite in Mexican dishes and in Middle and Far Eastern dishes.  A tea of Coriander seeds will stop griping caused by laxatives.  Chew on seeds to soothe upset stomachs or aid digestion.  A poultice of crushed seeds alleviates rheumatic pains.  Leaves make a delectable addition to soups, sauces, and bean dishes.  Seeds are great spice for beef and fish.

Dill

Medicinal and culinary properties in both seeds and herb.  Used for hiccups and as a sedative.  Chewing its seeds remedies bad breath and indigestion.  Dill tea will relieve gas, colic, and prevent griping. 

Fresh Dill

An appetite stimulant, and compliment to other herbs in small quantities.  Seeds are great in butter, spreads, cream cheese dips, and vegetables.  Herb makes rich sauces, appetizers.  Perfect with potatoes, egg dishes and fish.  Try it on salmon sauce.

Fennel seeds.

Fennel

 

Fennel is used to aid digestion, nausea, and colic.  Hailing from southern Europe and Asia Minor, it increases milk production in nursing mothers, is recommended for weight loss, stabilizes the nervous system, is a sedative for small children, expels phlegm from throat, and eliminates toxins from the body.  Fennel improves night vision, relieves gas, expels worms, stimulates menstruation, and cleans the bladder and liver.  It can be taken in teas, chewed or crushed in soups, sauces, shakes, and bakes.  Soothes gums of teething babies.  Great on sea food, a blast on fish!

Garlic

The most popular, and researched herb.  Shown to boost immunity, lower cholesterol and blood sugar levels; prevent high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke.  Also, it blocks the growth of cancer cells, kills infections, and normalizes liver, gallbladder, and digestive functions.  Need I say more!  It is good taken fresh at the first sign of a cold.  Garlic oil dropped into ear is good for ear infections.  Garlic is a great aid in eliminating certain worms with a laxative.  The active ingredient, Alicin is responsible for the pungent smell.  Odorless Garlic capsules are not as beneficial.  Garlic’s affinity is strongest on the respiratory system, therefore beneficial for asthma, bronchitis, coughs, flu, and other lung disorders.  Great in combinations for circulation.  It makes a flavorful addition to most dishes especially sauces, soups, and vegetables.

Ginger

Ginger root.

Another popular herb hailing from the Orient.  Tea with honey great for first signs of a cold.  Eaten fresh first thing in the morning primes up the immune system and induces alertness.  Ginger generates heat to lower extremities and from inside out, therefore promotes sweating, aids digestion, nausea, menstrual cramps, morning sickness, and is an aphrodisiac.  A very versatile herb, Ginger adds zest to baked foods, vegetables, sauces, soups, shakes, and hot beverages.  See more on Ginger as one of our herbs of the month.

Horseradish

A culinary herb with antibiotic action that comes highly recommended for respiratory and urinary infections, gout and rheumatism.  A great digestive stimulant, Horseradish poultice is good for sciatica.  It is good for sinus ailments and at the first sign of a cold (½ teaspoon, grated + 1 drop lemon juice held under tongue for as long as possible).  Too much consumed can cause diarrhea or night sweats.  Use moderately for best results.  Great with meat, rice, sauces, and dips.

Lemons are as resourceful as they are beautiful.

Lemon

Fresh lemon juice has been a favorite for cooling the body.  It is also good with water as a gargle for sore throat, and heated for the first sign of a cold.  It secret is its high content of vitamin C.  It promotes digestion by aiding liver function.  Topically, it relieves sunburn and chapped skin.  Limonene, its active ingredient has been linked to breast cancer prevention, and increasing liver enzymes to remove cancer-causing chemicals.  Enhances the flavor of vegetables and fish.

Marjoram

Marjoram tea tones and purifies the digestive system.  It is an antiseptic, stimulant and purifying herb.  Good for headaches, irregular menstruation and skin diseases.  With Greek origins, Marjoram was thought to induce dreams of a future spouse!  It is used to treat rheumatism, muscle and joint pain, sprains, brain, stomach and chest complaints, coughs, colic, asthma, convulsions, menstrual cramps, and as an antidote for snakebite.  It is not recommended for pregnant women.

Mint

Another good herb for nausea, upset stomach, gas, headaches, and nervousness.  Known to promote sweating, great for children; improves taste of tea blends.  Beneficial for asthma, colic, spasms, convulsions, griping, fainting, and heart burns.  One drop peppermint oil + one teaspoon honey + a dash cider vinegar + one cup hot water drunk slowly will alleviate a bad cold.  When used sparingly, peppermint leaves enhances fruit dishes, coleslaw, hot or ice beverages, vegetables and meat.

Mustard

A strong stimulating herb, it promotes appetite and stimulates gastric mucous membranes to aid digestion.  Mustard seeds are used to stimulate urine and promote menstruation.  It is recommended for epileptic seizures, toothaches, headaches, rheumatism, and muscle pain.  A tablespoon of hot mustard will relieve all kinds of cramps in seconds.  A poultice or plaster may be used to treat stiff muscles, chest congestions, to warm the skin, and clear the lungs.  Good in sauces, soups, salads, dressing, butters, vegetables, and crushed seeds add spicy flavor to wines.

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Simply impeccable

The Pau d’Arco tree is a superb tree.  It has been extensively studied for its unique qualities.  Twelfth century Amazonians of Peru noticed the tree had no parasite.  They observed that no fungus or mold grew on it, and around the gigantic tree.  More so, it thrived in every environmental condition.  From the wettest conditions to the hottest and driest, Pau d’Arco tree stood tall.  They observed that it did not rot, even when it was dead. 

This led them to one conclusion:  Pau d’Arco may possess anti-viral and anti-fungal properties.

They first made teas from the bark of the tree to treat flatworm parasite infestation.  Pau d’Arco was introduced to the Portuguese as a preventive against the parasite.  Native tribes of South America use the herb to repel fungal growth.  The tea is also used to purify the blood, reduce malaria fevers, and treat dysentery, rheumatism, and ulcers.

They also use Lapacho (as it is commonly known amongst them) topically to treat many skin diseases such as eczema, hemorrhoids, psoriasis, skin cancers, snakebites, and wounds.

Lapacho or Taheebo grows mainly in the rain forests of South America, but modern day agriculturists have made us understand that the best Pau d’Arco grows mainly in Argentina, showcasing violet flower blossoms.  It is given to cancer and leukemia patients in Argentina for free by the government, to protect the liver and kidneys from chemotherapy damage; and to reduce the pain. 

The Amazonians drink Pau d’Arco tea to dissolve tumors.  Scientific research has proved this to be true about the herb.  It has the ability to reduce tumors of all kinds, inhibit tumor growth while increasing the growth of normal tissue. 

South American hospitals use it along with radiation and chemotherapy to treat cancer with great success without the side effects of pain, hair loss, and immune dysfunction.  Their success is heightened by its blood building properties.  It increases the hemoglobin and red corpuscles in the blood, and gives the body greater vitality by increasing resistance to disease.  It energizes the body to defend itself and resist disease.

Pau d’Arco’s blood purification property makes it beneficial in treating blood toxicity conditions such as dermatitis, acne, psoriasis and eczema.  It also enhances immune function against viruses like the flu, herpes, and hepatitis.  It has been used to treat environmentally produced allergies and asthma. 

Pau d'Arco blossoms

Most herbs possess one or two major active ingredients, but Pau d’Arco has many.  The presence of an alkaloid called tecomine makes Pau d’Arco effective in reducing blood pressure and counteracting the effects of diabetes.  When used to treat diabetes, it balances blood sugar levels and reduces insulin dependence.  Also, as a strong anti-inflammatory, it relieves pain in the likes of arthritis, cystitis, inflammation of the cervix, prostatitis, and cancer.

The properties that earned Pau d’Arco such a reputation as a medicinal herb is its anti-fungal and anti-viral properties: evident in its never-molding outcome, even when chopped down.  This is made possible by the component, quinone lapachol, found in the inner bark of the tree.  Lapachol is an immuno-stimulant with anti-fungal, anti-biotic, anti-viral, and anti-tumor properties.

Its anti-fungal property makes it useful in vaginal douches, suppositories, as well as a medicinal tea.  Tampons are soaked in Pau d’Arco tea for vaginitis.  It discourages Candida Albicans and Herpes Simplex from thriving, and strengthens the immune system simultaneously.  Pau d’Arco tea is recommended by Brazilian doctors for treating ringworm, systemic Candida albicans yeast infections, and other intestinal parasite infestations.

Pau d’Arco’s anti-fungal action is paralleled by its anti-viral action making it an integral part for viral treatments.  Other components in Taheebo effective against various bacteria, viruses, and fungi include beta-lapachone, hydroxynapthoquinone, alpha-lapachone, and xyloidone.  Pau d’Arco is also rich in iron, which makes it effective in promoting the natural process of nutrient assimilation; and improved elimination via the intestinal tract.

Other nutrients in the herb include calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, vitamins A, B-complex and C, and also zinc. 

Other uses of Pau d’Arco include treatment of Chlamydia, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Crohn’s disease, leukemia, lupus (discoid and systemic), and Raynaud’s disease.  Pau d’Arco extract derived from distilled water and grain alcohol base is best, as the process facilitates quicker absorption.  Pau d’Arco lotions are excellent fungal, bacterial, and viral remedies.

Pau d’Arco is one the herbs categorized as an “everything” herb because of its uses for many disorders.  Also, it is often used along with other medications without contraindications.  It is sometimes used to counteract the side effects of some medications, reducing the damage to the liver caused by some drugs.  Even the FDA designates Pau d’Arco as safe.

Some users experiment with it, mixing it with other herbs, adding sweeteners to the tea for a tasty beverage.  Sweeteners, however, reduces its effectiveness.  It is naturally sweet, though it does not contain any sugars.  I have heard it makes a fantastic base to cacao drinks.

As with most herbs, it is not recommended for pregnant and lactating mothers.  High doses have been shown to cause nausea, vomiting and intestinal discomfort.

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Botanical name:     Glycyrrhiza glabra

Description:     A hardy perennial plant ranging up to two meters tall.  It stands erect with light, gracefully-spreading pinnate foliage and dark green oblong leaflets.  It displays violet to lavender colored flowers in mid-summer bloom.   The taproots (brown exterior and yellow interior) grow up to four feet branching out and tangling each other.  Feet that  branch out to form a tangled mess.

Properties:      Anodyne, Antioxidant, Antispasmodic, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Anti-bacterial, Demulcent, Depurative, Diuretic, Emollient, Estrogenic, Expectorant, Pectoral.

Origin:   Greece.  First record of use is of the Greeks, in treating gastric and peptic ulcers.  Licorice flavorings have existed as far back as the ancient Assyrians.  Use also evident in Chinese and Roman Herbology, as well as Arabian medicine.

Aliases:     Licorice Root.  Sweet Wood.  Sweetwort, Liquorice

Useful Parts:    Roots.

Uses:    Treatment of coughs, colds, diabetes, fatigue, asthma, flu, hypoglycemia, arthritis, bronchitis, Addison’s disease, adrenal problems, edema, and liver disorders.  To relief lack of endurance, inhibited sex drive, menopausal problems, poor circulation, and ulcers.

Forms:     Encapsulated, Extracts, Herbal combinations and formulas, Powders, Edible Sticks, Teas, Tinctures.

Caution:     Consumed in large amounts over several days may cause headaches, fatigue, loss of potassium, increased sodium, increased blood pressure and even heart failure.  Small amounts, like amounts taken in capsules may not cause problems, but cumulative effects must be considered.

Ubiquitous Character

Licorice Root was named by the Greeks from the words glukus, meaning “sweet”, and riza meaning “root”.  Therefore the name simply means “Sweet root”.  This refers to the sweet taste of the roots.  Licorice root is known for its sweetness, 50 times sweeter than sugar.  As a matter of fact, I don’t know if its sweetness supersedes its medicinal properties.

There is almost as much documentation of its sweetness as its thirst quenching abilities.  Historians record that Alexander the Great added Licorice root in his troops’ supplies so they could chew on in battle to slake thirst and to keep their energy up.  It is said that it helped them win battles.  Talk about the sweetness of victory!  Early squire thinkers in the likes of Hippocrates, Theophrastus, and Pliny all supported Licorice root’s beneficial properties in their writings.

American Licorice Plant

The use of Licorice is historically impressed on many civilizations:  the ancient Assyrians used it; Romans loved it, the Greeks named it; Egyptians held it in high esteem; the Chinese mastered it, while the English introduced it to Native America and beyond. 

They employed it in treating earaches, lung congestions, and colds; as well as to mask the bitter tastes of some herbs.  To the Egyptians is a sweetener and thirst quencher; to the Greeks a healer of sore throats, menstrual cramps, arthritis, respiratory problems, and fever reducer.  The Chinese hailed it “The Great Detoxifier”; using it to increase energy levels and endurance even in present day.  It was part of the first Chinese herbal.  Licorice become popular in fifteenth century Europe, it could be seen being chewed on the streets of Italy and Spain. 

The constituent responsible for its sweetness, and consequently popularity is also its main active ingredient known as glycyrrhizic acid.  Glycyrrhizic acid has gained a lot of ink amongst modern scientists and researchers.  It is known to be 50 times sweeter than sugar cane, but without the thirst-inducing effects.  Glycyrrhizic acid is a glycoside taking up to 20% of the Licorice plant.  It has been used to extend the sweetness of sugar in chocolates. 

However, this must not be mistaken for Licorice flavoring in candies, which is made of Anise oil and sugar.  Real Licorice extract has been shown to produce estrogenic effects, useful in the treatment of menstrual cramps and menopause.  Its most notable property is hormonal.  Glycyrrhizin or glycyrrhizic acid provides identical effects as the natural hormones hydrocortisone and other corticosteroid hormones.

Glycyrrhizin has the same chemical structure as the human steroid hormone, which assists the body handle stress giving a general feeling of well-being.  This is buttressed by its ability to raise blood sugar levels to normal ranges.  It achieves this by stimulating the adrenals without depleting them.

This is especially important as it stimulates adrenal hormone production and minimizes steroid metabolism by the kidneys and liver (an action responsible for the Japanese-winning treatment for chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis of the liver).  It is made possible by glycyrrhizin’s ability to prevent viral multiplication, while protecting the liver.  It decreases the body’s conversion of cortisol (also called hydrocortisone) into cortisone (a less active hormone). 

Translation: it protects the liver from damage, and stimulates and sustains adrenal function, all at the same time.  An unmatched one-two punch. 

Glycyrrhizin also possesses anti-inflammatory properties which are key to healing of many health conditions such as arthritis, hepatitis, and dermatitis.  Licorice root helps normalize ovulation in women, especially in cases of infrequent menstruation.  It also balances menstrual flow; increases milk production, endurance, strength, and sexual activity.  It is known as a “female herb” for these reasons.

Licorice root is effective against immune-response deficiency diseases.  It has the capability to stimulate production

Chopped Licorice Root

of interferon, an essential chemical component of the immune system, and key to treating and preventing a myriad of immune deficiency diseases.  Various researches have shown the herb to reduced triglyceride accumulation in the liver, increase glycogen levels in the liver and muscles, inhibit cirrhosis development, and prevent the growth of lesions in the liver.

Licorice is rich in magnesium, silicon, and sodium.  It is also high in chromium, cobalt, iron, potassium, and niacin (B3); and contains lots of mucilage.  This, perhaps, buttresses its soothing and anti-inflammatory qualities.

Licorice’s high mucilage content is responsible for the herb’s ability to soothe mucus membranes (especially in the stomach), and remedy gastrointestinal problems such as gastritis, peptic ulceration, and excessive stomach acid.  It also relaxes muscle spasms, enables the body to expel phlegm, strengthens the adrenal glands, acts as a mild laxative, and lowers cholesterol. 

Sadly, most of the Licorice imported into America is used to sweeten tobacco and cough syrups.  Only a minute proportion of imports are utilized for their medicinal properties.  However, herbal supplement companies such as Nature’s Sunshine Products provide the herb in encapsulated forms, as well as extracts.  NSP’s Licorice Root Extract is in a distilled water and grain alcohol base.

Large amounts of Licorice eaten or used over several days may cause headaches, fatigue and weakness, loss of potassium, increased sodium and water, and increased blood pressure.  It can cause heart failure.  There have been reported cases of high content of Licorice from chewing Licorice-sweetened tobacco.  It is advisable to use Licorice root with potassium in cases where high blood pressure is a problem.

Back to basics

Burdock is a well known herb in both Chinese and Western herbalism.  It is found in most herbal formulas and recipes related to treating chronic toxicity.  Burdock has a strong affinity for the elimination channels of the body: liver, colon, kidneys, lungs, and skin; stimulating waste elimination. 

First mentions of Burdock are found in the writings of William Shakespeare and of an herbalist from London named John Gerard.  It is worthy of note that Shakespeare and Gerard were once neighbors, so it is unclear who introduced the herb to the other.  Shakespeare, however, referred to the herb as a nuisance when a character in his book “As You Like It” mentioned it being caught in their petticoats.  Gerard, on the other hand subscribed to its therapeutic value.

Historically, Burdock has a reputation as a “blood purifier”.  Herbalists all over the world hold Burdock in high esteem as a good source of nutrients that help build the body.  Thus, the term “alterative”.  As a matter of fact it is known as one of the best blood purifiers of all herbs.  While many Native American tribes used Burdock for skin ailments, the Chinese used it to lower blood sugar levels, to treat coughs, colds, sore throats, tonsillitis, measles, sores and abscesses.  Fourteenth century Europeans pounded it in wine for the treatment of leprosy.

Chopped Burdock root

Though Burdock possesses many notable properties, it is its blood purifying property that has earned it great respect among herbalists and medical researchers alike.  Burdock is an excellent blood purifier and cleanser; it very speedily removes long-term impurities from the blood. 

This makes it a constant in all blood cleansing and detoxification problems, and therefore useful in the treatment of skin disorders, kidney problems, arthritis, and gout, and to clear the blood of harmful acids due to calcification deposits.

Burdock is especially stimulating to the kidneys, reducing swelling around the joints and increasing the flow of urine.  It is also used as an antidote for acute poisoning such as venom from snake bites.  It is a strong liver purifier found to be effective in reducing toxins in the body, and thus useful for treating allergies and respiratory congestion. 

Burdock is also a hormone balancing herb.  This makes it very common in treating glandular problems.  It stimulates the pituitary gland helping to release protein in proper amounts, thus maintaining hormonal balance for a healthy body.  Due to this action it comes highly recommended during pregnancies.  It also helps prevent water retention and jaundice in babies.  It has been used in Europe to remedy prolapsed and displaced uterus. 

Skin conditions in the likes of abscess, boils, eczema, psoriasis, rashes, and skin tumors (benign) all succumb to Burdock’s therapeutic power.  Its greatest manifestation of success is when used as a poultice on skin cancer. 

German as well as Japanese research suggests the active constituent; polyacetylene in Burdock possesses antibiotic qualities.  Also, the presence of certain lactones buttresses the herb’s therapeutic benefits with antibacterial activity, and it has been shown to provide antifungal, diuretic, and hypoglycemic properties.  This makes it useful in treating certain urinary tract infection.

The presence of arctiopicrin, a glycoside is responsible for Burdock’s liver and gallbladder affinity and improvement.  Its antispasmodic effects are due to the presence of the flavonoids arctiin.  Burdock has also been shown to provide mild estrogenic effects, making some researchers claiming it possesses anti-tumor action.

Burdock capsules contain its root powder.

Other constituents of the “Turkey burrseed” include chromium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, and zinc.  Trace amounts of copper, manganese, and vitamins B1, B6, B12, and E. 

It is also high in minerals which helps replace minerals lost during cleansing.  It also contains volatile oils that promote sweating and urine flow, making it an aid in eliminating toxins from the body via the colon kidneys and skin.  The Chinese term it a calmer of nervous energy because of this. 

Fresh Burdock roots are eaten for food in some parts of China.  The stalks are sometimes eaten raw in salads, or cooked in some dishes.  Advocates of this practice claim it tastes similar to asparagus.  I will take their word for it!